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DNA 101 in Graphics
        Mutations in DNA

Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial Eve



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Cromosomas
(Chromosomes)



How DNA Mutations Occur
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EthnoHistory of Puerto Rico


  Proyecto ADN de Apellidos Puertorriqueños 
    
(The Puerto Rican DNA Geographic Project)

Administrator: Padre José Antonio Oquendo Pabón, STL
 Co Administrator: Dra. Ana Oquendo Pabón, MD 



(Reference: José A. Toro Sugrañes, Almanaque Puertorrieño (1986), Orígen de los Puertorriqueños, pg. 169)
The figure displayed above exemplifies the rich history of the Puerto Rican people. It encompasses our indigenous, European and African roots. We cannot truly say we are just brown or black or white. We are also not an other. Puerto Rico is the oldest Commonwealth in the world. We are United States citizens and have been since the Jones Act of 1917. As Boricuas, we proudly descend from the indigenous Taíno. We share genes with the different groups which impacted the makeup of Iberia for centuries. We remember our African ancestors who toiled and cultivated our land. All of these groups contributed to the makeup of the Puerto Rican of today.  To give you a a sense of these vastly different cultures which together form the ancient background history of our people, read about these groups in the links below.  It is no wonder that there is so much diversity in the results of our Geographic Project. The descriptions attempt to give you an understanding, therefore, of each branch of this tree with some additional data about cultures which were omitted and not represented in the image. Some branches are small, others large but they are branches nevertheless. All are integral to the makeup of our people.

On November 19th, 1493, almost 512 years ago, Columbus "discovered" Puerto Rico on his second voyage to the New World. In 1508, Ponce de León founded Caparra, the first settlement. This later became known as San Juan, the multifaceted capital of the island and one of the most visited cruise ports in the world. However, thousands of years prior to this, the Arcaícos, the Arawak, the Pre-Taíno and finally the Taíno caciques ruled all the Antilles. Twenty of these caciques had regions which they ruled on the island of Puerto Rico. Read about the composite ancestry of the people, the Taíno and the island they called "Borikén" the land of the "good and noble lord", Yocahú, who dwelled on the highest mountain peak in the only rain forest in North America known today as "El Yunque". This is the history of the people of the island of Puerto Rico, the Land of Enchantment.

(Note: The PreHistory of Europe, the Iberian section and the Atlantic Slave Trade is a helpful collection in one place from articles (courtesy of Wikepedia) of the pertinent groups involved in the history of Iberia and which may be interesting to  Genetic Genealogists. There are maps in several of the articles which could aid in tracing the migrations of haplogroups. Additionally, all of the Iberian information is pertinent to not only Puerto Rico but Cuba, the Domincan Republic, México, and Central and South America. All are groups which can trace ancestors to Iberia).


PreHistory Of Europe (click)



Evolution of Man (click)


Music:  Borínquen Lament
Canción: Lamento Borincano (Autor: Rafaél Hernández)
Intrepretación por el estimado pianista borinqueño, René Rámos ¡Visítelo!


Ancient Ancestry in the Background of the Puerto Ricans

 






Group Comparison Chart Results  



  Phylogenetic Diagrams 2004

 
 yDNA12                         yDNA25                        yDNA 37 
         

      About DNA Testing - Hispanic Projects



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Copyright © 2003-2005 Dra. Ana y Padre José Antonio Oquendo Pabón, STL, Administrators,
  Proyecto ADN de Apellidos Puertorriqueños (The Puerto Rican DNA Geographic Project).
  Todos los Derechos Reservados. All Rights Reserved.
 

 


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