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Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial Eve

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Cromosomas
(Chromosomes)



How DNA Mutations Occur
Animated




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Proyecto ADN Puertorriqueño - Resultados (Results)

Proyecto ADN de Apellidos Puertorriqueños 

updated 12-10-2005

Haplogroup R1b 12 marker modal haplotype for this set of project members. Please see Phylogenetic Diagram at end of DNA Comparison Charts.

(FTDNA Order)

D393-D390-D19-D391-D385a-D385b-D426-D388-D439-D389i-D392-D389ii 12 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29

In this group of 3 Haplogroup R1b members, none share the same surname.

Every member in our project with a Haplogroup R1b haplotype can be found by clicking on the appropriate links below. All their sequences are compared as a large group. The sequences are further divided into three separate subgroups with the modal haplotype found at the top of each subgroup's page.

The overall genetic distance for this particular group is from 1 to 3.

Please recall that this is a geographic project and as such, we remind you that the surname anarchy practiced in Spain since the the 14th century and Puerto Rico since 1493 until about 1875 was such, that these individuals' most ancient paternal ancestor's surname in Spain or their country of origin may actually have been very different than that which it is now.

Note:
In light of the recently published article concerning the possible unreliability of P25 as the 'SNP' of choice to determine R1b Haplogroup status, the SNP which may be more reliable in determining R1b is M269.

An abstract of this article may be found at Elsevier Science Direct:

The case of the unreliable SNP: Recurrent back-mutation of Y-chromosomal marker P25 through gene conversion

Susan M. Adams, Turi E. King, Elena Bosch and Mark A. Joblin


Haplogroup R1b is the most common haplogroup in European populations. It is believed to have expanded throughout Europe as humans re-colonized after the last glacial maximum 10-12 thousand years ago. This lineage is also the haplogroup containing the Atlantic modal haplotype (AMH):
 

DYS19	DYS388	DYS390	DYS391	DYS392	DYS393
14	12	2 4	1 1	1 3	1 3

R1b, and its most common Haplotype, exists in high or very high frequencies in all of Western Europe from Spain in the south to the British Isles and western Scandinavia in the north. Basques and Celts also carry the R1b haplotypes. Approximately 69% of Spaniards are Haplogroup R1b.

History: The largest influx of Spaniards to Borikén or Borinquén (Puerto Rico) after the colonization was from the regions of Galicia, Valencia, Asturia, Navarra, the Vascondados (Basque country), Aragón, Catalunya, Santander and the Balearic Islands. The history, and arrival of these individuals was faithfully researched and documented by the first lady of Puerto Rican Genealogy, Doña Estela Cifre de Loubriel (1909-1998) who made them the focus of her life's work in five detailed and highly prized sought after tomes called "La Formacción del Pueblo Puertorriqueño". Amongst these were also the Canary Islanders. The initial arrival of the Canary Islanders, themselves the descendants of the Guanches, occurred during a first royal spanish decree in 1695 which was later followed by decrees in the years 1714, 1720, 1731, and 1797. In 1815, la Reál Cédula de Gracia, a more relatively "recent" royal decree allowed the immigration of other foreigners to Puerto Rico to settle, cultivate and own the land. This latter group included not only Canary Islanders, but Corsicans, and especially Venezuelans. Other groups who left their mark to a smaller extent are the Irish, French, Dutch, and Chinese.  It will, therefore, be not unexpected should we find theirs and all the other DNA signatures amongst our group as our project continues to expand.

Read more about the Canary Islanders by one of our members here:
Brief History of the Canarian Migration to Spanish America.
The updated 2005 Y Cromosome Phylogenetic Tree Map showing the SNPs for all the Y Haplogroups may be found here.

Table R1b Haplogroup Members

* DYS 19 is also known as DYS394

Ysearch Database Configuration - DNA Results Comparison
ID	D Y S 3 9 3	D Y S 3 9 0	D Y S 1 9 / 3 9 4	D Y S 3 9 1	D Y S 3 8 5 a	D Y S 3 8 5 b	D Y S 4 2 6	D Y S 3 8 8	D Y S 4 3 9	D Y S 3 8 9 - 1	D Y S 3 9 2	D Y S 3 8 9 - 2
modal	12	24	14	10	11	14	12	12	12	13	13	29
26079 R1b	12	23	14	10	11	14	12	12	12	13	13	28
19672 R1b	12	24	14	10	11	14	12	12	11	13	13	29
18689 R1b	12	24	14	10	11	14	12	12	12	13	13	29
Distance from reference: Zero One Two Three+

SMGF Database Configuration - DNA Results Comparison
ID	D Y S 3 8 5	D Y S 3 8 8	D Y S 3 8 9 I	D Y S 3 8 9 I I	D Y S 3 9 0	D Y S 3 9 1	D Y S 3 9 2	D Y S 3 9 3	D Y S 3 9 4 / 1 9	D Y S 4 2 6	D Y S 4 3 9
modal	11-14	12	13	29	24	10	13	12	15	12	12
26079 R1b	11-14	12	13	28	23	10	13	12	15	12	12
19672 R1b	11-14	12	13	29	24	10	13	12	15	12	11
18689 R1b	11-14	12	13	29	24	10	13	12	15	12	12
Distance from reference: Zero One Two Three+

Ybase Database Configuration - DNA Results Comparison
ID	D Y S 1 9 / 3 9 4	D Y S 3 8 5 a	D Y S 3 8 5 b	D Y S 3 8 8	D Y S 3 8 9 i	D Y S 3 8 9 i i	D Y S 3 9 0	D Y S 3 9 1	D Y S 3 9 2	D Y S 3 9 3	D Y S 4 2 6	D Y S 4 3 9
modal	14	11	14	12	13	29	24	10	13	12	12	12
26079 R1b	14	11	14	12	13	28	23	10	13	12	12	12
19672 R1b	14	11	14	12	13	29	24	10	13	12	12	11
18689 R1b	14	11	14	12	13	29	24	10	13	12	12	12
Distance from reference: Zero One Two Three+

Yhrd - DNA Comparison
ID	D Y S 1 9	D Y S 3 8 9 I	D Y S 3 8 9 I I	D Y S 3 9 0	D Y S 3 9 1	D Y S 3 9 2	D Y S 3 9 3	D Y S 3 8 5	D Y S 4 3 9
modal	14	13	29	24	10	13	12	11.14	12
26079 R1b-	14	13	28	23	10	13	12	11.14	12
19672 R1b-	14	13	29	24	10	13	12	11.14	11
18689 R1b-	14	13	29	24	10	13	12	11.14	12
Distance from reference: Zero One Two Three+

Genetic Distance
ID	m o d a l	2 6 0 7 9 R 1 b -	1 9 6 7 2 R 1 b -	1 8 6 8 9 R 1 b -
modal	12	2	1	0
26079 R1b	2	12	3	2
19672 R1b	1	3	12	1
18689 R1b	0	2	1	12
Related Probably Related Possibly Related FTDNA's Interpreting Genetic Distance for 12 Markers FTDNA's Interpreting Genetic Distance for 25 Markers FTDNA's Interpreting Genetic Distance for 37 Markers
- Infinite allele mutation model is used - Values on the diagonal indicate number of markers tested

Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor (Years)
ID	m o d a l	2 6 0 7 9 R 1 b	1 9 6 7 2 R 1 b	1 8 6 8 9 R 1 b
modal	12	1225	750	300
26079 R1b	1225	12	1800	1225
19672 R1b	750	1800	12	750
18689 R1b	300	1225	750	12
0-225 Years 250-475 Years 500-725 Years 750-975 Years
- Infinite allele mutation model is used - Average mutation rate varies: 0.0025 to 0.0025      rates derived by Doug McDonald from the Sorenson database - Values on the diagonal indicate number of markers tested - Probability is 50% that the TMRCA is no longer than indicated - Average generaton: 25 years

DNA Analysis Charts courtesy of  Dean McGee's DNA Software Tools

  

Median Joining Phylogenetic Diagram produced courtesy of Network software from Fluxus Technology as described by Bandelt H-J, Forster P, Röhl A (1999) Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol 16:37-48

Group Comparison Chart Results

Haplogroup E3a, E3b, B

Haplogroup G,I,J,K

All Project Haplogroup R1bs     
R1b 12 markers only

Haplogroup R1b with this specific modal haplotype

12

24

14

10

1 1

14

1 2

1 2

1 2

13

1 3

29

Haplogroup R1b with this specific modal haplotype

13

24

14

11

1 4

11

1 1

1 2

1 2

1 2

1 3

2 9

      Haplogroup R1b with this specific modal haplotype

13

25

14

11

1 1

14

1 2

1 2

1 3

14

1 3

30

Combined Haplogroup Results

yDNA12                yDNA25            yDNA37

All modals R1b Diagrams
(new)

• Phylogenetic Tree (Fluxus)
  

• Traditional Haplotree Diagram  (Phylip/MEGA)

• Radiating Haplotree
  

Phylogenetic Diagrams 2004

 
           yDNA12                       yDNA25                      yDNA 37