Welcome to our DNA Project Haplogroup page.

The data presented here is for our 13 Haplogroup E3a, E3b and B members. As can be seen below, four members are in Haplogroup E3a. Two of these  are without Haplogroup assignments but from their haplotype comparisons, are probable E3a members. Eight participants are estimated to belong to Haplogroup E3b (2 of these have been SNP tested and are M35+). Our newest member is from the Genographic Project.  There is only one member who is in Haplogroup B. He has been SNP tested M+60.

ID 26160 and 27738 are an exact match at 12/12 and 25/25 markers. Upon further upgrade, they match on 36/37 markers. They were estimated to be E3b. Neither duo share the same surname. However, after further communication between the two individuals, it was discovered that one is adopted and his biological father did share the same surname as that of the other individual.

ID 13980 and ID 25891 are an exact match but do not share the same paternal surname. Upgrade to 25 markers is recommended and contemplated.

ID N7369 is a one step match to both ID 25891 and ID 14093. It is recommended that they upgrade to 25 markers to further define their relationships.
 
The genetic distance among the Haplogroup E3b group is from 0-8.
The genetic distance among the Haplogroup E3a group is 3-8.
The genetic distance from the one Haplogroup B member to the rest is 7-8.

Haplogroup E3a  Haplogroup E3a is an African lineage.
Its signature is DYS19/394=15, DYS390=21, DYS391=10, DYS392=11, DYS393=13.
It is currently hypothesized that this haplogroup dispersed south from northern Africa within the last 3,000 years, by the Bantu agricultural expansion. The Bantus are the most likely origin of the spread of culture and language througout the central, western and southern African continent. Haplogroup E3a is also the most common lineage among African Americans.

As the African slave trade was an integral part of the Spain, Africa and Caribbean Atlantic triangle of sugar, slaves and tobacco, this Haplogroup most likely arrived on the island with the involuntary import of African slaves. Shortly after the colonization of Puerto Rico, the bearers of this Haplogroup replaced the enslaved Taíno laborers whose population had diminished considerably under the encomienda system in the gold mines and sugar mills due to disease, torture and mistreatment.

One of the outposts for slave ships, the Cape Verde Islands Archipelago was
the site where many of our ancestral E3a and mitochondrial DNA L Haplogroup individuals may have once briefly sojourned before being brought to the West Indies. Incidentally, the coconut tree was introduced from the Cape Verde Islands in 1542.


Also See: Mitochondrial portrait of the Cabo Verde archipelago: the Senegambian outpost of Atlantic slave trade A.  BREHM, L.  PEREIRA, H.-J.  BANDELT, M. J.  PRATA   and A.  AMORIM. 

You can read more about Haplogroup E3a, E3b, R1b and the other Haplogroups on Dr. Dennis Garvey's Y Chromosome Haplogroup excellent webpage.

Credit: Created by Mark Dingemanse 23 september 2004, released under CC-by-2.0

To definitively ascertain whether an individual is truly in a specific haplogroup, they should be SNP tested. One of the most notable SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) in Haplogroup E3a is M191 as discovered by Jobling et al.

Haplogroup E3b  This haplogroup is believed to have evolved in the Middle East. It expanded into the Mediterranean during the Pleistocene Neolithic expansion and brought farming to Europe around 9,000 yrs. ago. It is currently distributed around the Mediterranean, southern Europe, and in north and east Africa. 

Note: It is probable that the E3b Haplogroup signature most likely arrived on the island of Puerto Rico from the early period after the colonization and later in immigrants who had Moorish, Berber or other North African admixture who had left their signature in Iberia during the 700 year reign under Moorish rule. The Moorish domination ended in 1492 under Ferdinand and Isabel. The ancient Phoenicians also belonged to Haplogroup E3b. The most common E3b subclade in Iberia is E3b1 beta cluster and has the following sequence as discussed in the study by Cruciani et al:

DYS19	DYS389i	DYS389ii	DYS390	DYS391	DYS392	DYS393	DYS385a	DYS385b

13

14

30

24

9

11

13

11

14

Haplogroup B is one of the oldest Y-chromosome lineages in humans. Haplogroup B is found exclusively in Africa. This lineage was the first to disperse around Africa. There is current archaeological evidence supporting a major population expansion in Africa approximately 90-130 thousand years ago. It has been proposed that this event may have spread Haplogroup B throughout Africa. Haplogroup B appears at low frequency all around Africa, but is at its highest frequency in Pygmy populations. (FTDNA)

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The updated 2005 Y Cromosome Phylogenetic Tree Map showing the SNPs for all the Y Haplogroups may be found here.

DYS19 is also known as DYS394. The loci highlighted in red are known to be

Ysearch Database Configuration - DNA Results Comparison
ID	D Y S 3 9 3	D Y S 3 9 0	D Y S 1 9 / 3 9 4	D Y S 3 9 1	D Y S 3 8 5 a	D Y S 3 8 5 b	D Y S 4 2 6	D Y S 3 8 8	D Y S 4 3 9	D Y S 3 8 9 - 1	D Y S 3 9 2	D Y S 3 8 9 - 2
modal	13	24	13	9	13	14	11	12	10	14	11	30
30838E3a	13	21	15	10	16	16	11	12	11	13	11	32
10167E3a	13	21	15	11	16	17	11	12	11	13	11	31
15254E3a	13	21	16	11	16	18	11	14	11	14	11	30
24974E3a	14	21	15	10	17	18	11	12	10	13	11	31
13980E3b	13	24	13	9	13	14	11	12	10	14	11	30
25891E3b	13	24	13	9	13	14	11	12	10	14	11	30
26160E3b	13	24	13	9	13	14	11	12	10	15	11	31
27738E3b	13	24	13	9	13	14	11	12	10	15	11	31
N7531E3b	13	24	13	9	13	15	11	12	10	14	11	30
14093E3b	13	24	13	9	13	15	11	12	10	14	11	30
N7369E3b	13	24	13	9	14	14	11	12	10	14	11	30
14124E3b	13	24	13	10	15	18	11	12	12	13	11	30
36097__B	13	24	15	10	11	12	11	10	13	14	11	32
Distance from reference: Zero One Two Three+

SMGF Database Configuration - DNA Results Comparison
ID	D Y S 3 8 5	D Y S 3 8 8	D Y S 3 8 9 I	D Y S 3 8 9 I I	D Y S 3 9 0	D Y S 3 9 1	D Y S 3 9 2	D Y S 3 9 3	D Y S 3 9 4 / 1 9	D Y S 4 2 6	D Y S 4 3 9
modal	13-14	12	14	30	24	9	11	13	14	11	10
30838E3a	16-16	12	13	32	21	10	11	13	16	11	11
10167E3a	16-17	12	13	31	21	11	11	13	16	11	11
15254E3a	16-18	14	14	30	21	11	11	13	17	11	11
24974E3a	17-18	12	13	31	21	10	11	14	16	11	10
13980E3b	13-14	12	14	30	24	9	11	13	14	11	10
25891E3b	13-14	12	14	30	24	9	11	13	14	11	10
26160E3b	13-14	12	15	31	24	9	11	13	14	11	10
27738E3b	13-14	12	15	31	24	9	11	13	14	11	10
N7531E3b	13-15	12	14	30	24	9	11	13	14	11	10
14093E3b	13-15	12	14	30	24	9	11	13	14	11	10
N7369E3b	14-14	12	14	30	24	9	11	13	14	11	10
14124E3b	15-18	12	13	30	24	10	11	13	14	11	12
36097__B	11-12	10	14	32	24	10	11	13	16	11	13
Distance from reference: Zero One Two Three+

Ybase Database Configuration - DNA Results Comparison
ID	D Y S 1 9 / 3 9 4	D Y S 3 8 5 a	D Y S 3 8 5 b	D Y S 3 8 8	D Y S 3 8 9 i	D Y S 3 8 9 i i	D Y S 3 9 0	D Y S 3 9 1	D Y S 3 9 2	D Y S 3 9 3	D Y S 4 2 6	D Y S 4 3 9
modal	13	13	14	12	14	30	24	9	11	13	11	10
30838E3a	15	16	16	12	13	32	21	10	11	13	11	11
10167E3a	15	16	17	12	13	31	21	11	11	13	11	11
15254E3a	16	16	18	14	14	30	21	11	11	13	11	11
24974E3a	15	17	18	12	13	31	21	10	11	14	11	10
13980E3b	13	13	14	12	14	30	24	9	11	13	11	10
25891E3b	13	13	14	12	14	30	24	9	11	13	11	10
26160E3b	13	13	14	12	15	31	24	9	11	13	11	10
27738E3b	13	13	14	12	15	31	24	9	11	13	11	10
N7531E3b	13	13	15	12	14	30	24	9	11	13	11	10
14093E3b	13	13	15	12	14	30	24	9	11	13	11	10
N7369E3b	13	14	14	12	14	30	24	9	11	13	11	10
14124E3b	13	15	18	12	13	30	24	10	11	13	11	12
36097__B	15	11	12	10	14	32	24	10	11	13	11	13
Distance from reference: Zero One Two Three+

Yhrd - DNA Comparison
ID	D Y S 1 9	D Y S 3 8 9 I	D Y S 3 8 9 I I	D Y S 3 9 0	D Y S 3 9 1	D Y S 3 9 2	D Y S 3 9 3	D Y S 3 8 5	D Y S 4 3 9
modal	13	14	30	24	9	11	13	13.14	10
30838E3a	15	13	32	21	10	11	13	16.16	11
10167E3a	15	13	31	21	11	11	13	16.17	11
15254E3a	16	14	30	21	11	11	13	16.18	11
24974E3a	15	13	31	21	10	11	14	17.18	10
13980E3b	13	14	30	24	9	11	13	13.14	10
25891E3b	13	14	30	24	9	11	13	13.14	10
26160E3b	13	15	31	24	9	11	13	13.14	10
27738E3b	13	15	31	24	9	11	13	13.14	10
N7531E3b	13	14	30	24	9	11	13	13.15	10
14093E3b	13	14	30	24	9	11	13	13.15	10
N7369E3b	13	14	30	24	9	11	13	14.14	10
14124E3b	13	13	30	24	10	11	13	15.18	12
36097__B	15	14	32	24	10	11	13	11.12	13
Distance from reference: Zero One Two Three+

Genetic Distance
ID	m o d a l	3 0 8 3 8 E 3 a	1 0 1 6 7 E 3 a	1 5 2 5 4 E 3 a	2 4 9 7 4 E 3 a	1 3 9 8 0 E 3 b	2 5 8 9 1 E 3 b	2 6 1 6 0 E 3 b	2 7 7 3 8 E 3 b	N 7 5 3 1 E 3 b	1 4 0 9 3 E 3 b	N 7 3 6 9 E 3 b	1 4 1 2 4 E 3 b	3 6 0 9 7 _ _ B
modal	12	8	8	7	8	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	6	7
30838E3a	8	12	3	6	5	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	6	7
10167E3a	8	3	12	5	5	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	7	7
15254E3a	7	6	5	12	8	7	7	8	8	7	7	7	8	8
24974E3a	8	5	5	8	12	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	6	7
13980E3b	0	8	8	7	8	12	0	1	1	1	1	1	6	7
25891E3b	0	8	8	7	8	0	12	1	1	1	1	1	6	7
26160E3b	1	8	8	8	8	1	1	12	0	2	2	2	6	8
27738E3b	1	8	8	8	8	1	1	0	12	2	2	2	6	8
N7531E3b	1	8	8	7	8	1	1	2	2	12	0	2	6	7
14093E3b	1	8	8	7	8	1	1	2	2	0	12	2	6	7
N7369E3b	1	8	8	7	8	1	1	2	2	2	2	12	6	7
14124E3b	6	6	7	8	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	12	7
36097__B	7	7	7	8	7	7	7	8	8	7	7	7	7	12
Related Probably Related Possibly Related FTDNA's Interpreting Genetic Distance for 12 Markers FTDNA's Interpreting Genetic Distance for 25 Markers FTDNA's Interpreting Genetic Distance for 37 Markers
- Infinite allele mutation model is used - Values on the diagonal indicate number of markers tested

Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor (Years)
ID	m o d a l	3 0 8 3 8 E 3 a	1 0 1 6 7 E 3 a	1 5 2 5 4 E 3 a	2 4 9 7 4 E 3 a	1 3 9 8 0 E 3 b	2 5 8 9 1 E 3 b	2 6 1 6 0 E 3 b	2 7 7 3 8 E 3 b	N 7 5 3 1 E 3 b	1 4 0 9 3 E 3 b	N 7 3 6 9 E 3 b	1 4 1 2 4 E 3 b	3 6 0 9 7 _ _ B
modal	12	3775	3775	3025	3775	175	175	450	450	450	450	450	2425	3025
30838E3a	3775	12	1100	2425	1925	3775	3775	3775	3775	3775	3775	3775	2425	3025
10167E3a	3775	1100	12	1925	1925	3775	3775	3775	3775	3775	3775	3775	3025	3025
15254E3a	3025	2425	1925	12	3775	3025	3025	3775	3775	3025	3025	3025	3775	3775
24974E3a	3775	1925	1925	3775	12	3775	3775	3775	3775	3775	3775	3775	2425	3025
13980E3b	175	3775	3775	3025	3775	12	175	450	450	450	450	450	2425	3025
25891E3b	175	3775	3775	3025	3775	175	12	450	450	450	450	450	2425	3025
26160E3b	450	3775	3775	3775	3775	450	450	12	175	775	775	775	2425	3775
27738E3b	450	3775	3775	3775	3775	450	450	175	12	775	775	775	2425	3775
N7531E3b	450	3775	3775	3025	3775	450	450	775	775	12	175	775	2425	3025
14093E3b	450	3775	3775	3025	3775	450	450	775	775	175	12	775	2425	3025
N7369E3b	450	3775	3775	3025	3775	450	450	775	775	775	775	12	2425	3025
14124E3b	2425	2425	3025	3775	2425	2425	2425	2425	2425	2425	2425	2425	12	3025
36097__B	3025	3025	3025	3775	3025	3025	3025	3775	3775	3025	3025	3025	3025	12
0-225 Years 250-475 Years 500-725 Years 750-975 Years
- Infinite allele mutation model is used - Average mutation rate varies: 0.0040 to 0.0040, from FTDNA derived rates - Values on the diagonal indicate number of markers tested - Probability is 50% that the TMRCA is no longer than indicated - Average generaton: 25 years

Median Joining Phylogenetic Diagram produced courtesy of Network software from Fluxus Technology as described by Bandelt H-J, Forster P, Röhl A (1999) Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol 16:37-48 Modal 13 24 13 9 13 14 11 12 10 13 11 30 October 2005

B, E3a, E3b Haplotree Radiating Network Tree

Programs used:

yDNA Haplogroup Predictor by Whit Athey
yDNA utility Tools by Dean McGee
Phylip3.65 Phylogenetic Tree Network Software
MEGA3.1 Network Tree Phlyogenetic Software
Fluxus Network vers. 4.111 by Flux Engineering
FTDNA ToolTip vers.1.1 DNA Time Predictor

Dean McGee's yDNA Utility                            Phylip Settings

• Probability - 95%                                  Kitch with L, J option                        

          Mutation Rate (FTDNA)- .004           Random Seeds: 9;  99 Jumbles

References
Bandelt H-J, Forster P, R÷hl A (1999) Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol 16:37-48

S Kumar, K Tamura, and M Nei (2004) MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment. Briefings in Bioinformatics 5:150-163.

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Group Comparison Chart Results

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Phylogenetic Diagrams 2004