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Biblioteca/ Library

DNA 101 in Graphics
        Mutations in DNA

Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial Eve



Animated/Animado


Para conocer más sobre el ADN oprime aquí




Cromosomas
(Chromosomes)



How DNA Mutations Occur
Animated




To learn more about DNA, Click here

Proyecto ADN Puertorriqueño - Resultados (Results)


Proyecto ADN de Apellidos Puertorriqueños  
   
(The Puerto Rican DNA Geographic Project)

Administrator: Padre José Antonio Oquendo Pabón, STL
 Co Administrator: Dra. Ana Oquendo Pabón, MD 
  



updated 08-24-2005
The majority of the members in this group have completed their upgrade to 25 and 37 markers and are estimated to be in Haplogroup R1b. Two of the estimated R1bs are very unusual and one has tested SNP P25+.

ID 14851 and ID 16451 match at 12/12 markers and also match 25/25. On further upgrade, they matched 36/37 markers. These are unusual R1bs per FTDNA. They were listed as unknowns for over a year until the one sequence was SNP tested.  I have left the only estimated R1a in our group as a comparison to the others.  All J, J2, E3b, E3a, and I haplogroup sequences have been removed. On the indiviudal marker pages, all the participants' sequences are compared as group. Please recall that this is a geographic project and as such, we remind you that the  surname anarchy practiced in Spain and Puerto Rico since before 1492 until about 1890 was such that these individuals' most ancient paternal ancestor in Spain may actually have been very different than it is now.

Haplogroup R1a   The R1a lineage is believed to have originated in the Eurasian Steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas. This lineage is believed to have originated in a population of the Kurgan culture which is known for the domestication of the horse (approximately 3000 B.C.E.). These people were also believed to be the first speakers of the Indo-European language group. This lineage is currently found in central and western Asia, India, and in Slavic populations of Eastern Europe. (ref. FTDNA)

Haplogroup R1b is the most common haplogroup in European populations. It is believed to have expanded throughout Europe as humans re-colonized after the last glacial maximum 10-12 thousand years ago. This lineage is also the haplogroup containing the Atlantic modal haplotype (AMH):
 


  DYS19  DYS388  DYS390 DYS391
 		DYS392
 		DYS393
  14   12 2 4
 		1 1
 		1 3
 		1 3


R1b, and its most common Haplotype, exists in high or very high frequencies in all of Western Europe from Spain in the south to the British Isles and western Scandinavia in the north.

Note: The largest influx of Spaniards to Borikén or Borínquen (Puerto Rico) after the colonization was from the regions of Galicia, Valencia, Asturia, Navarra, the Vascondados (Basque country), Aragón, Catalunya, Santander and the Balearic Islands. The history, and arrival of these individuals was faithfully researched and documented by the first lady of Puerto Rican Genealogy, Doña Estela Cifre de Loubriel (1909-1998) who made them the focus of her life's work in five detailed and highly prized sought after tomes called "La Formacción del Pueblo Puertorriqueño". Amongst these were also the Canary Islanders. The initial arrival of the Canary Islanders, themselves the descendants of the Guanches, occurred during a first royal spanish decree in 1695 which was later followed by decrees in the years 1714, 1720, 1731, and 1797. In 1815, la Reál Cédula de Gracia, a more relatively "recent" royal decree allowed the immigration of other foreigners to Puerto Rico to settle, cultivate and own the land. This latter group included not only Canary Islanders, but Corsicans, and especially Venezuelans. Other groups who left their mark to a smaller extent are the Irish, French, Dutch, and Chinese. Not withstanding the great cultural diversity brought by all these groups, the influence of the Isleños was so great, that the spanish spoken by Puerto Ricans is rich in many Isleño words and the pronunciation of the language is so similar that it is said (and it is not surprising) that a Puerto Rican may easily be mistaken for a Canary Islander by the intonation of their syllables and their manner of speaking. It will not, therefore, be unexpected should we find theirs and all the other DNA signatures amongst our group as our project continues to expand.

Read more about the Canary Islanders by one of our members here:
Brief History of the Canarian Migration to Spanish America.
The updated 2005 Y Cromosome Phylogenetic Tree Map showing the SNPs for all the Y Haplogroups may be found here.




  Table of our R1b Haplogroup Members (Note: Kit #29818 is the lone R1a)

Ysearch Database Configuration - DNA Results Comparison
ID D
Y
S
3
9
3
 D
Y
S
3
9
0
 D
Y
S
1
9
/
3
9
4
 D
Y
S
3
9
1
 D
Y
S
3
8
5
a
 D
Y
S
3
8
5
b
 D
Y
S
4
2
6
 D
Y
S
3
8
8
 D
Y
S
4
3
9
 D
Y
S
3
8
9
-
1
 D
Y
S
3
9
2
 D
Y
S
3
8
9
-
2
 D
Y
S
4
5
8
 D
Y
S
4
5
9
a
 D
Y
S
4
5
9
b
 D
Y
S
4
5
5
 D
Y
S
4
5
4
 D
Y
S
4
4
7
 D
Y
S
4
3
7
 D
Y
S
4
4
8
 D
Y
S
4
4
9
 D
Y
S
4
6
4
a
 D
Y
S
4
6
4
b
 D
Y
S
4
6
4
c
 D
Y
S
4
6
4
d
 D
Y
S
4
6
0
 G
A
T
A
-
H
4
 Y
C
A
-
I
I
a
 Y
C
A
-
I
I
b
 D
Y
S
4
5
6
 D
Y
S
6
0
7
 D
Y
S
5
7
6
 D
Y
S
5
7
0
 C
D
Y
a
 C
D
Y
b
 D
Y
S
4
4
2
 D
Y
S
4
3
8
modal 132414111114121212131329179911112515192915151717111119231515181736371212
26079-R1b 122314101114121212131328                         
YS004-R1b 1224141011141212121313301691010112415192915161617            
18689-R1b 122414101114121212131329179911122615202915151617101119231516191836371212
14087-R1b 1323141111141212111313291791011112514192915161717111119231514161736371212
YS006-R1b 132315111114121212131329                         
14851-R1b 132316111214121411141330149911112615182713141416111118231517181634351111
16451-R1b 132316111214121411141330149911112615182713141416111118231517181635351111
30232-R1b 132413111214121212131429                         
14344-R1b 132414101114121212131329                         
16611-R1b 132414101114131212131428                         
14085-R1b 132414111114121211131229                         
19509-R1b 1324141111141212111313291791011112514192915161717111119231515161736381212
YS007-R1b 132414111114121211131329                         
YS008-R1b 1324141111141212111313291791011112514192915161717111119231515161736371212
30881-R1b 132414111114121211131329169911112515193015151617121119231515181735371312
12101-R1b 132414111114121212121328189911112515182815151717            
00043-R1b 1324141111141212121313291791011112514192915171717            
24541-R1b 1324141111141212121313291791011112515192915151617101019191515181735361210
11639-R1b 132414111114121213131329179911112515182914151617            
19961-R1b 132414111214111212141330                         
14094-R1b 132414111215121213131329179911112315203014151517            
29829-R1b 132415111114121212131329179911112514193015151717            
24204-R1b 13241511111412121213132918910111125141828151617 00111022231615181735391212
14082-R1b 1325131111141212121314301691011112515193015151617            
14585-R1b 132514111113121212141331                         
33074-R1b 132514111115121213141330                         
23683-R1b 132514111115121213141330179911112514183115151517            
00135-R1b 132514111114121211131329179911112514202914151517111119231515191634351212
29818-R1a 132517111115121210131131                         
25135-R1b 132714111114121212131329                         
12319-R1b 1424141011141212131413302091011112515203014141618            
Distance from reference: Zero One Two Three+

SMGF Database Configuration - DNA Results Comparison
ID D
Y
S
3
8
5
 D
Y
S
3
8
8
 D
Y
S
3
8
9
I
 D
Y
S
3
8
9
I
I
 D
Y
S
3
9
0
 D
Y
S
3
9
1
 D
Y
S
3
9
2
 D
Y
S
3
9
3
 D
Y
S
3
9
4
/
1
9
 D
Y
S
4
2
6
 D
Y
S
4
3
7
 D
Y
S
4
3
8
 D
Y
S
4
3
9
 D
Y
S
4
4
2
 D
Y
S
4
4
7
 D
Y
S
4
4
8
 D
Y
S
4
4
9
 D
Y
S
4
5
4
 D
Y
S
4
5
5
 D
Y
S
4
5
6
 D
Y
S
4
5
8
 D
Y
S
4
5
9
 D
Y
S
4
6
0
 Y
C
A
I
I
 Y
-
G
A
T
A
-
H
4
modal 11-14121329241113131512151212122522291111151709-091119-2312
26079-R1b 11-14121328231013121512

12











YS004-R1b 11-1412133024101312151215
12
2422291110
1609-10


18689-R1b 11-14121329241013121512151212122623291211151709-091019-2312
14087-R1b 11-14121329231113131512141211122522291111151709-101119-2312
YS006-R1b 11-14121329231113131612

12











14851-R1b 12-14141430231113131712151111112621271111151409-091118-2312
16451-R1b 12-14141430231113131712151111112621271111151409-091118-2312
30232-R1b 12-14121329241114131412

12











14344-R1b 11-14121329241013131512

12











16611-R1b 11-14121328241014131513

12











14085-R1b 11-14121329241112131512

11











19509-R1b 11-14121329241113131512141211122522291111151709-101119-2312
YS007-R1b 11-14121329241113131512

11











YS008-R1b 11-14121329241113131512141211122522291111151709-101119-2312
30881-R1b 11-14121329241113131512151211132522301111151609-091219-2312
12101-R1b 11-1412122824111313151215
12
2521281111
1809-09


00043-R1b 11-1412132924111313151214
12
2522291111
1709-010


24541-R1b 11-14121329241113131512151012122522291111151709-0101019-1911
11639-R1b 11-1412132924111313151215
13
2521291111
1709-09


19961-R1b 12-14121430241113131511

12











14094-R1b 12-1512132924111313151215
13
2323301111
1709-09


29829-R1b 11-1412132924111313161214
12
2522301111
1709-09


24204-R1b 11-14121329241113131612141212122521281111161809-101122-2311
14082-R1b 11-1412133025111413141215
12
2522301111
1609-10


14585-R1b 11-13121431251113131512

12











33074-R1b 11-15121430251113131512

13











23683-R1b 11-1512143025111313151214
13
2521311111
1709-09


00135-R1b 11-14121329251113131512141211122523291111151709-091119-2312
29818-R1a 11-15121331251111131812

10











25135-R1b 11-14121329271113131512

12











12319-R1b 11-1412143024101314151215
13
2523301111
2009-10


Distance from reference: Zero One Two Three+

Ybase Database Configuration - DNA Results Comparison
ID D
Y
S
1
9
/
3
9
4
 D
Y
S
3
8
5
a
 D
Y
S
3
8
5
b
 D
Y
S
3
8
8
 D
Y
S
3
8
9
i
 D
Y
S
3
8
9
i
i
 D
Y
S
3
9
0
 D
Y
S
3
9
1
 D
Y
S
3
9
2
 D
Y
S
3
9
3
 D
Y
S
4
2
6
 D
Y
S
4
3
7
 D
Y
S
4
3
8
 D
Y
S
4
3
9
 D
Y
S
4
4
2
 D
Y
S
4
4
7
 D
Y
S
4
4
8
 D
Y
S
4
4
9
 D
Y
S
4
5
4
 D
Y
S
4
5
5
 D
Y
S
4
5
6
 D
Y
S
4
5
8
 D
Y
S
4
5
9
a
 D
Y
S
4
5
9
b
 D
Y
S
4
6
0
 D
Y
S
4
6
4
a
 D
Y
S
4
6
4
b
 D
Y
S
4
6
4
c
 D
Y
S
4
6
4
d
 D
Y
S
5
7
0
 D
Y
S
5
7
6
 D
Y
S
6
0
7
 C
D
Y
a
 C
D
Y
b
 T
A
G
A

H
4
 Y
C
A
I
I
a
 Y
C
A
I
I
b
modal 141114121329241113131215121212251929111115179911151517171718153637121923
26079-R1b 1411141213282310131212  12                       
YS004-R1b 141114121330241013121215 12 2419291110 16910 15161617        
18689-R1b 141114121329241013121215121212262029121115179910151516171819163637121923
14087-R1b 1411141213292311131312141211122519291111151791011151617171716143637121923
YS006-R1b 1511141213292311131312  12                       
14851-R1b 161214141430231113131215111111261827111115149911131414161618173435121823
16451-R1b 161214141430231113131215111111261827111115149911131414161618173535121823
30232-R1b 1312141213292411141312  12                       
14344-R1b 1411141213292410131312  12                       
16611-R1b 1411141213282410141313  12                       
14085-R1b 1411141213292411121312  11                       
19509-R1b 1411141213292411131312141211122519291111151791011151617171716153638121923
YS007-R1b 1411141213292411131312  11                       
YS008-R1b 1411141213292411131312141211122519291111151791011151617171716153637121923
30881-R1b 141114121329241113131215121113251930111115169912151516171718153537121923
12101-R1b 141114121228241113131215 12 2518281111 1899 15151717        
00043-R1b 141114121329241113131214 12 2519291111 17910 15171717        
24541-R1b 1411141213292411131312151012122519291111151791010151516171718153536111919
11639-R1b 141114121329241113131215 13 2518291111 1799 14151617        
19961-R1b 1412141214302411131311  12                       
14094-R1b 141215121329241113131215 13 2320301111 1799 14151517        
29829-R1b 151114121329241113131214 12 2519301111 1799 15151717        
24204-R1b 1511141213292411131312141212122518281111161891011151617 001718153539112223
14082-R1b 131114121330251114131215 12 2519301111 16910 15151617        
14585-R1b 1411131214312511131312  12                       
33074-R1b 1411151214302511131312  13                       
23683-R1b 141115121430251113131214 13 2518311111 1799 15151517        
00135-R1b 141114121329251113131214121112252029111115179911141515171619153435121923
29818-R1a 1711151213312511111312  10                       
25135-R1b 1411141213292711131312  12                       
12319-R1b 141114121430241013141215 13 2520301111 20910 14141618        
Distance from reference: Zero One Two Three+

Yhrd - DNA Comparison
ID D
Y
S
1
9
 D
Y
S
3
8
9

I
 D
Y
S
3
8
9

I
I
 D
Y
S
3
9
0
 D
Y
S
3
9
1
 D
Y
S
3
9
2
 D
Y
S
3
9
3
 D
Y
S
3
8
5
 D
Y
S
4
3
8
 D
Y
S
4
3
9
modal 1413292411131311.141212
26079-R1b 1413282310131211.14
12
YS004-R1b 1413302410131211.14
12
18689-R1b 1413292410131211.141212
14087-R1b 1413292311131311.141211
YS006-R1b 1513292311131311.14
12
14851-R1b 1614302311131312.141111
16451-R1b 1614302311131312.141111
30232-R1b 1313292411141312.14
12
14344-R1b 1413292410131311.14
12
16611-R1b 1413282410141311.14
12
14085-R1b 1413292411121311.14
11
19509-R1b 1413292411131311.141211
YS007-R1b 1413292411131311.14
11
YS008-R1b 1413292411131311.141211
30881-R1b 1413292411131311.141211
12101-R1b 1412282411131311.14
12
00043-R1b 1413292411131311.14
12
24541-R1b 1413292411131311.141012
11639-R1b 1413292411131311.14
13
19961-R1b 1414302411131312.14
12
14094-R1b 1413292411131312.15
13
29829-R1b 1513292411131311.14
12
24204-R1b 1513292411131311.141212
14082-R1b 1313302511141311.14
12
14585-R1b 1414312511131311.13
12
33074-R1b 1414302511131311.15
13
23683-R1b 1414302511131311.15
13
00135-R1b 1413292511131311.141211
29818-R1a 1713312511111311.15
10
25135-R1b 1413292711131311.14
12
12319-R1b 1414302410131411.14
13
Distance from reference: Zero One Two Three+

Genetic Distance
IDm
o
d
a
l
2
6
0
7
9
-
R
1
b
Y
S
0
0
4
-
R
1
b
1
8
6
8
9
-
R
1
b
1
4
0
8
7
-
R
1
b
Y
S
0
0
6
-
R
1
b
1
4
8
5
1
-
R
1
b
1
6
4
5
1
-
R
1
b
3
0
2
3
2
-
R
1
b
1
4
3
4
4
-
R
1
b
1
6
6
1
1
-
R
1
b
1
4
0
8
5
-
R
1
b
1
9
5
0
9
-
R
1
b
Y
S
0
0
7
-
R
1
b
Y
S
0
0
8
-
R
1
b
Y
S
0
0
9
-
R
1
b
1
2
1
0
1
-
R
1
b
0
0
0
4
3
-
R
1
b
2
4
5
4
1
-
R
1
b
1
1
6
3
9
-
R
1
b
1
9
9
6
1
-
R
1
b
1
4
0
9
4
-
R
1
b
2
9
8
2
9
-
R
1
b
2
4
2
0
4
-
R
1
b
1
4
0
8
2
-
R
1
b
1
4
5
8
5
-
R
1
b
3
3
0
7
4
-
R
1
b
2
3
6
8
3
-
R
1
b
0
0
1
3
5
-
R
1
b
2
9
8
1
8
-
R
1
a
2
5
1
3
5
-
R
1
b
1
2
3
1
9
-
R
1
b
modal 37491072212131426157438437313844896112
26079-R1b 412224488734655555445775566775845
YS004-R1b 92258105181862459499129710614121195716138412
18689-R1b 1028371442424514414313149914759920126612138311
14087-R1b 7410143722121536231211931265116149549106212
YS006-R1b 245421255436433333223551145553626
14851-R1b 2181824215371671062252220131624115131523167614189613
16451-R1b 2181824215137671062252219131623115131522167614199613
30232-R1b 376554661245444444334443337775747
14344-R1b 132133774123322222112442255553723
16611-R1b 44446610105312555555445675557886856
14085-R1b 265424664351211113222543356552635
19509-R1b 65914332222425137011082105410512954996211
YS007-R1b 154313554251012002111432255441624
30881-R1b 5591323222242511037982105410512954996211
30881-R1b 759141132019425110093767105475146549126210
12101-R1b 45129931313425382862576639661044887212
00043-R1b 3499321616314221277253631046944966112
24541-R1b 8471412224233142101101063374385126449146110
11639-R1b 4510763111142525155664254677105375629
19961-R1b 376555554465444433341244475555945
14094-R1b 7714911513134474103107910864258121263876411
29829-R1b 3512961151532535255645748256855866213
24204-R1b 13511201412322325312212146612741263695510166212
14082-R1b 869129416163555959610961071289254612105413
14585-R1b 465655777576555544455655412334646
33074-R1b 477645667585444444435355631203544
23683-R1b 8716129514147585949989975881012302565413
00135-R1b 9513131031819536291912861455761610436375212
29818-R1a 688866997786666676669666565551269
25135-R1b 144322664253222221124422444426125
12319-R1b 125121112613137365114111012121095111312136413129525
Related Probably Related Possibly Related
FTDNA's Interpreting Genetic Distance for 12 Markers
FTDNA's Interpreting Genetic Distance for 25 Markers
FTDNA's Interpreting Genetic Distance for 37 Markers
- Infinite allele mutation model is used
- Values on the diagonal indicate number of markers tested

Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor (Years)
IDm
o
d
a
l
2
6
0
7
9
-
R
1
b
Y
S
0
0
4
-
R
1
b
1
8
6
8
9
-
R
1
b
1
4
0
8
7
-
R
1
b
Y
S
0
0
6
-
R
1
b
1
4
8
5
1
-
R
1
b
1
6
4
5
1
-
R
1
b
3
0
2
3
2
-
R
1
b
1
4
3
4
4
-
R
1
b
1
6
6
1
1
-
R
1
b
1
4
0
8
5
-
R
1
b
1
9
5
0
9
-
R
1
b
Y
S
0
0
7
-
R
1
b
Y
S
0
0
8
-
R
1
b
Y
S
0
0
9
-
R
1
b
1
2
1
0
1
-
R
1
b
0
0
0
4
3
-
R
1
b
2
4
5
4
1
-
R
1
b
1
1
6
3
9
-
R
1
b
1
9
9
6
1
-
R
1
b
1
4
0
9
4
-
R
1
b
2
9
8
2
9
-
R
1
b
2
4
2
0
4
-
R
1
b
1
4
0
8
2
-
R
1
b
1
4
5
8
5
-
R
1
b
3
3
0
7
4
-
R
1
b
2
3
6
8
3
-
R
1
b
0
0
1
3
5
-
R
1
b
2
9
8
1
8
-
R
1
a
2
5
1
3
5
-
R
1
b
1
2
3
1
9
-
R
1
b
modal 37147513507755257752000200011004501475775450450375525575450600575110010254501075117514751475117570024254501950
26079-R1b 1475127757751475147537753775302511001475242519251925192519251925147514751925302530251925192524252425302530251925377514751925
YS004-R1b 1350775251175155019253775377524257751475192513501475135013501950135010251550242524501950185013501925302530252200377514751950
18689-R1b 775775117537115014752500250019254501475147511501100105011501350135011501025192513501350192519502425242519501050377511001750
14087-R1b 52514751550115037775200020001925110024257752504501758751350450950875192517508751200135019251475135077524257751950
YS006-R1b 77514751925147577512192519251475110024251475110011001100110011007757751100192519254504501475192519251925110024257752425
14851-R1b 20003775377525002000192537100242530256200242521501925215018502200302525001750192522002725242530253025242524501600477524252200
16451-R1b 20003775377525002000192510037242530256200242521501925215017252200302523251750192522002725225030253025242524501725477524252200
30232-R1b 110030252425192519251475242524251214751925147514751475147514751475110011001475147514751100110011003025302530251925302514753025
14344-R1b 4501100775450110011003025302514751211001100775775775775775450450775147514757757751925192519251925110030257751100
16611-R1b 147514751475147524252425620062001925110012192519251925192519251925147514751925242530251925192519253025377537752425377519252425
14085-R1b 77524251925147577514752425242514751100192512450450450450110077577577519251475110011001925242519251925775242511001925
19509-R1b 4501925135011502501100215021501475775192545037175100775117532577572514751550725975135019251475135070024257751750
YS007-R1b 450192514751100450110019251925147577519254501751217517577545045045014751100775775192519251475147545024257751475
YS008-R1b 3751925135010501751100215021501475775192545010017537700117532577572514751550725975135019251475135070024257751750
30881-R1b 5251925135011508751100185017251475775192545077517570037875102577572514751025725120087519251475135095024257751550
12101-R1b 575192519501350135011002200220014757751925110011757751175875251025875875110013508759001550147514751175117530257751950
00043-R1b 4501475135013504507753025302511004501475775325450325102510252545087511001550575900135014751475135087524254501950
24541-R1b 60014751025115095077525002325110045014757757754507757758754503757511001175725975875147514751350115024254501550
11639-R1b 5751925155010258751100175017501475775192577572545072572587587557525147587510251075155019251100102572524257751350
19961-R1b 110030252425192519251925192519251475147524251925147514751475147511001100110014751214751475147530251925192519251925477514751925
14094-R1b 10253025245013501750192522002200147514753025147515501100155010251350155011758751475251175207519502425110011751025242514751750
29829-R1b 4501925195013508754502725272511007751925110072577572572587557572510251475117525900117519251925117587524257752200
24204-R1b 10751925185019251200450242522501100775192511009757759751200900900975107514752075900361425192519251625142524257752075
14082-R1b 1175242513501950135014753025302511001925192519251350192513508751550135087515503025195011751425251475242519501550192514752200
14585-R1b 147524251925242519251925302530253025192530252425192519251925192514751475147519251925242519251925147512110011001475242514752425
33074-R1b 14753025302524251475192524252425302519253775192514751475147514751475147514751100192511001925192524251100121751100192514751475
23683-R1b 1175302530251950135019252450245030251925377519251350147513501350117513501350102519251175117516251950110017525875192514752200
00135-R1b 700192522001050775110016001725192511002425775700450700950117587511507251925102587514251550147511008753719257751950
29818-R1a 242537753775377524252425477547753025302537752425242524252425242530252425242524254775242524252425192524251925192519251224254775
25135-R1b 450147514751100775775242524251475775192511007757757757757754504507751475147577577514751475147514757752425121925
12319-R1b 195019251950175019502425220022003025110024251925175014751750155019501950155013501925175022002075220024251475220019504775192525
0-225 Years 250-475 Years 500-725 Years 750-975 Years
- Infinite allele mutation model is used
- Average mutation rate varies: 0.0040 to 0.0054, from FTDNA derived rates
- Values on the diagonal indicate number of markers tested
- Probability is 50% that the TMRCA is no longer than indicated
- Average generaton: 25 years



DNA Analysis Charts courtesy of  Dean McGee's DNA Software Tools   


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Copyright © 2003-2005 Dra. Ana y Padre José Antonio Oquendo Pabón, STL, Administrators,
  Proyecto ADN de Apellidos Puertorriqueños (The Puerto Rican DNA Geographic Project).
  Todos los Derechos Reservados. All Rights Reserved.
 

 


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